语法 · HSK 1–2
不 (bù) vs 没 (méi): how to say "not"
不 negates the present, the future, habits, wishes and adjectives: 我不喝咖啡 "I don't drink coffee". 没(有) negates the past or completed actions and the verb 有: 我昨天没喝咖啡, 我没有钱. 有 is only ever negated with 没; 是 is only ever negated with 不.
句型Patterns
不 + Verb / AdjectiveHabits, present, future, will: 我明天不去, 今天不冷.没(有) + VerbDid not / has not happened: 他没来.没有 + NounNot have: 我没有时间.没 + Verb + 过Never done: 我没去过.
例句Examples
- 我不喜欢下雨天。wǒ bù xǐ huan xià yǔ tiān.I don't like rainy days.
- 他今天没来上课。tā jīn tiān méi lái shàng kè.He didn't come to class today.
- 我没有中文名字。wǒ méi yǒu zhōng wén míng zi.I don't have a Chinese name.
- 明天我不去学校。míng tiān wǒ bú qù xué xiào.I'm not going to school tomorrow.
常见错误Common mistakes
-
✗我不有时间。
✓我没有时间。
有 is always negated with 没.
-
✗我昨天不去学校。
✓我昨天没去学校。
A past action that did not happen takes 没.
-
✗他没是老师。
✓他不是老师。
是 is always negated with 不.
重点词语Words in this guide
Common questions
Can 不 be used for the past?
Yes, for past habits or refusal: 我小时候不喜欢吃菜 "As a child I didn't like vegetables"; 他昨天不来 "He refused to come yesterday".