语法 · HSK 2–4
The difference between 的, 地 and 得
All three are pronounced "de" but do different jobs. 的 links a description to a noun (我的书, 漂亮的衣服). 地 links a description to a verb, telling how something is done (认真地学习). 得 follows a verb or adjective to say how well or to what degree (他跑得很快). Quick test: noun after it → 的; verb after it → 地; verb before it → 得.
句型Patterns
Description + 的 + NounPossession or description: 妈妈的手机, 很好吃的菜.Adverbial + 地 + VerbManner: 慢慢地走, 高兴地说.Verb / Adjective + 得 + ComplementDegree or result: 说得很流利, 累得不想动.Verb + Object + Verb + 得 + ComplementWith an object, repeat the verb: 他说中文说得很好.
例句Examples
- 这是我朋友的电脑。zhè shì wǒ péng you de diàn nǎo.This is my friend's computer.
- 孩子们高兴地跑进了教室。hái zi men gāo xìng de pǎo jìn le jiào shì.The children ran happily into the classroom.
- 她汉字写得非常漂亮。tā hàn zì xiě de fēi cháng piào liang.She writes Chinese characters beautifully.
- 我今天累得一点儿也不想动。wǒ jīn tiān lèi de yì diǎnr yě bù xiǎng dòng.I'm so tired today I don't want to move at all.
常见错误Common mistakes
-
✗他跑的很快。
✓他跑得很快。
After a verb, use 得 to describe how well it is done.
-
✗我们认真的学习。
✓我们认真地学习。
Before a verb, use 地 to describe the manner.
-
✗他说中文得很好。
✓他说中文说得很好。 / 他中文说得很好。
得 must follow the verb directly; repeat the verb or move the object first.
重点词语Words in this guide
Common questions
Do native speakers mix up 的 地 得?
In casual typing, yes, and 的 is often used for all three. In exams (HSK, IGCSE, PSLE) and formal writing, the distinction is marked.