语法 · HSK 2–3
Result complements in Chinese (看完, 听懂, 找到)
Chinese verbs show the action (看 "look", 听 "listen", 找 "look for"), while a result complement right after the verb shows the outcome: 看完 "finish reading", 听懂 "listen and understand", 找到 "find". Without the complement, the sentence only says you tried, not that you succeeded.
句型Patterns
Verb + 完 (finish)做完作业, 吃完早饭, 说完话.Verb + 到 (reach / succeed)找到工作, 买到票, 看到朋友.Verb + 懂 / 清楚 / 学会听懂, 看清楚, 学会游泳.Verb + 好 (complete and ready)准备好, 写好, 穿好衣服.没 + Verb + ComplementDid not achieve the result: 我没听懂.
例句Examples
- 我已经写完作业了。wǒ yǐ jīng xiě wán zuò yè le.I have already finished my homework.
- 你说得太快，我没听懂。nǐ shuō de tài kuài, wǒ méi tīng dǒng.You spoke too fast; I didn't understand.
- 你的手机找到了吗？nǐ de shǒu jī zhǎo dào le ma?Have you found your phone?
- 晚饭做好了，快来吃吧。wǎn fàn zuò hǎo le, kuài lái chī ba.Dinner is ready; come and eat.
常见错误Common mistakes
-
✗我看了那本书完。
✓我看完了那本书。
The result complement sticks directly to the verb; nothing can go between them.
-
✗我找了我的钥匙，但是没找。
✓我找了我的钥匙，但是没找到。
找 means "look for"; "find" is 找到.
重点词语Words in this guide
Common questions
Where does 了 go with a result complement?
After the complement, before the object: 我买到了两张票, or at the end: 我买到票了. Never between the verb and its complement.