语法 · HSK 2–4
Directional complements (进来, 出去, 起来, 下去)
Directional complements follow a verb to show where an action moves. 来 moves toward the speaker (走进来 "walk in toward me"); 去 moves away (走出去 "walk out away from me"). Place nouns must go before 来/去 (走进教室来, never 走进来教室). Some combinations have everyday figurative meanings, like 起来 "start doing" and 下去 "continue doing".
句型Patterns
Verb + 来 / 去Toward speaker (拿来) vs away from speaker (拿去).Verb + 上/下/进/出/回/过/起 + 来/去跑上楼去, 走出来, 搬回来.Verb + Direction + Place + 来/去Place goes before 来/去: 走进房间来.Verb + 起来 (start to …)笑起来 "start laughing", 冷起来 "turn cold".
例句Examples
- 外边冷，快进屋里来吧。wài biān lěng, kuài jìn wū lǐ lái ba.It's cold outside; come inside quickly.
- 他从书包里拿出一本书来。tā cóng shū bāo lǐ ná chū yì běn shū lái.He took a book out of his bag.
- 听了这句话，大家都笑了起来。tīng le zhè jù huà, dà jiā dōu xiào le qǐ lái.Hearing this, everyone started laughing.
- 请把那把椅子搬过来。qǐng bǎ nà bǎ yǐ zi bān guò lái.Please move that chair over here.
常见错误Common mistakes
-
✗他走进来教室了。
✓他走进教室来了。
A place object must go between 进/出/回/上/下 and 来/去.
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✗我明天去回来。
✓我明天回来。 / 我明天回去。
回来 (come back here) and 回去 (go back there) already contain the direction.
重点词语Words in this guide
Common questions
Where does a normal object (like 书) go?
An object that is not a place can go either before or after 来/去: 拿出一本书来 or 拿出来一本书.