2025 考试大纲 · 高等
HSK 7–9 Vocabulary Starting with L: 259 Entries (2025 Syllabus)
All 259 HSK Levels 7–9 vocabulary entries whose pinyin starts with L, from 拉动 (lādòng) to 落实 (luòshí), with official pinyin, part of speech and syllabus page.
All HSK 7–9 entries · Download the full CSV
词表259 entries starting with L
| No. | Official term | Official pinyin | Dictionary meaning | 词性 / POS | Level annotation | PDF page |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7860 | 拉动 | lādòng | — | 动 | 7-9 | 276 |
| 7861 | 拉链 | lāliàn | — | 名 | 7-9 | 276 |
| 7862 | 拉拢 | lālǒng | — | 动 | 7-9 | 276 |
| 7863 | 啦啦队 | lālāduì | — | 名 | 7-9 | 276 |
| 7864 | 喇叭 | lǎba | horn (automobile etc); loudspeaker | 名 | 7-9 | 276 |
| 7865 | 腊月 | làyuè | — | 名 | 7-9 | 276 |
| 7866 | 蜡 | là | — | 名 | 7-9 | 276 |
| 7867 | 蜡烛 | làzhú | candle | 名 | 7-9 | 276 |
| 7868 | 来宾 | láibīn | — | 名 | 7-9 | 276 |
| 7869 | 来电 | láidiàn | — | 动、名 | 7-9 | 276 |
| 7870 | 来访 | láifǎng | — | 动 | 7-9 | 276 |
| 7871 | 来回 | láihuí | — | 动、名、副 | 7-9 | 276 |
| 7872 | 来历 | láilì | history; antecedents | 名 | 7-9 | 276 |
| 7873 | 来龙去脉 | láilóng-qùmài | — | — | 7-9 | 276 |
| 7874 | 来年 | láinián | — | 名 | 7-9 | 276 |
| 7875 | 来之不易 | láizhī-búyì | — | — | 7-9 | 276 |
| 7876 | 栏杆 | lángān | — | 名 | 7-9 | 276 |
| 7877 | 栏目 | lánmù | regular column or segment (in a publication or broadcast program); program (TV or radio) | 名 | 7-9 | 276 |
| 7878 | 蓝图 | lántú | — | 名 | 7-9 | 276 |
| 7879 | 揽 | lǎn | — | 动 | 7-9 | 276 |
| 7880 | 缆车 | lǎnchē | — | 名 | 7-9 | 276 |
| 7881 | 懒得 | lǎnde | — | 动 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7882 | 懒惰 | lǎnduò | idle; lazy | 形 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7883 | 滥用 | lànyòng | — | 动 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7884 | 狼狈 | lángbèi | in a difficult situation; to cut a sorry figure | 形 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7885 | 狼吞虎咽 | lángtūn-hǔyàn | — | — | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7886 | 朗诵 | lǎngsòng | — | 动 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7887 | 捞 | lāo | to fish up; to dredge up | 动 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7888 | 劳驾 | láojià | excuse me | 动 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7889 | 劳累 | láolèi | — | 形 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7890 | 劳务 | láowù | — | 名 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7891 | 牢固 | láogù | firm; secure | 形 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7892 | 牢记 | láojì | — | 动 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7893 | 牢牢 | láoláo | — | 副 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7894 | 牢骚 | láosāo | discontent; complaint | 名 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7895 | 唠叨 | láodao | to prattle; to chatter away | 动 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7896 | 老伴儿 | lǎobànr | — | 名 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7897 | 老大 | lǎodà | — | 形、副 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7898 | 老化 | lǎohuà | — | 动 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7899 | 老人家 | lǎorenjia | — | 名 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7900 | 老乡 | lǎoxiāng | fellow townsman; fellow villager; sb from the same hometown | 名 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7901 | 老字号 | lǎozìhao | — | 名 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7902 | 涝 | lào | — | 形 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7903 | 乐此不疲 | lècǐ-bùpí | — | — | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7904 | 乐意 | lèyì | to be willing to do sth; to be ready to do sth | 动、形 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7905 | 乐园 | lèyuán | — | 名 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7906 | 勒 | lēi | — | 动 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7907 | 累赘 | léizhui | — | 形、动、名 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7908 | 雷达 | léidá | radar (loanword) | 名 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7909 | 雷同 | léitóng | — | 形 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7910 | 累积 | lěijī | — | 动 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7911 | 累计 | lěijì | — | 动 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7912 | 棱角 | léngjiǎo | — | 名 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7913 | 冷淡 | lěngdàn | cold; indifferent | 形、动 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7914 | 冷冻 | lěngdòng | — | 动 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7915 | 冷酷 | lěngkù | unfeeling; callous | 形 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7916 | 冷落 | lěngluò | — | 形、动 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7917 | 冷门 | lěngmén | — | 名 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7918 | 冷漠 | lěngmò | — | 形 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7919 | 冷气 | lěngqì | air conditioning (Tw) | 名 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7920 | 冷却 | lěngquè | to cool (lit. and fig.) | 动 | 7-9 | 277 |
| 7921 | 冷战 | lěngzhàn | — | 名 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7922 | 愣 | lèng | to look distracted; to stare blankly | 动、形、副 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7923 | 离谱儿 | lípǔr | — | 形 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7924 | 离奇 | líqí | — | 形 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7925 | 黎明 | límíng | dawn; daybreak | 名 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7926 | 礼服 | lǐfú | — | 名 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7927 | 礼节 | lǐjié | etiquette | 名 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7928 | 礼品 | lǐpǐn | — | 名 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7929 | 礼尚往来 | lǐshàngwǎnglái | — | — | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7930 | 礼堂 | lǐtáng | assembly hall; auditorium | 名 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7931 | 礼仪 | lǐyí | — | 名 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7932 | 里程碑 | lǐchéngbēi | milestone | 名 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7933 | 理睬 | lǐcǎi | to heed; to pay attention to | 动 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7934 | 理会 | lǐhuì | — | 动 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7935 | 理事 | lǐshì | — | 动、名 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7936 | 理所当然 | lǐsuǒdāngrán | as it should be by rights (idiom); proper and to be expected as a matter of course; inevitable and right | — | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7937 | 理直气壮 | lǐzhí-qìzhuàng | in the right and self-confident (idiom); bold and confident with justice on one's side; to have the courage of one's convictions | — | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7938 | 理智 | lǐzhì | reason; intellect | 名、形 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7939 | 鲤鱼 | lǐyú | — | 名 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7940 | 力不从心 | lìbùcóngxīn | — | — | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7941 | 力求 | lìqiú | — | 动 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7942 | 力所能及 | lìsuǒnéngjí | as far as one's capabilities extend (idiom); to the best of one's ability; within one's powers | — | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7943 | 力争 | lìzhēng | to work hard for; to do all one can | 动 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7944 | 历程 | lìchéng | — | 名 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7945 | 历代 | lìdài | successive generations; successive dynasties | 名 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7946 | 历届 | lìjiè | — | 形 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7947 | 历来 | lìlái | always; throughout (a period of time) | 副 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7948 | 历时 | lìshí | — | 动、形 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7949 | 立案 | lì’àn | — | 动 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7950 | 立法 | lìfǎ | — | 动 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7951 | 立方 | lìfāng | cube (math.); abbr. for 立方体 | 名、量 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7952 | 立方米 | lìfāngmǐ | — | 量 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7953 | 立功 | lìgōng | — | 动 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7954 | 立交桥 | lìjiāoqiáo | overpass; flyover | 名 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7955 | 立体 | lìtǐ | three-dimensional; solid | 形、名 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7956 | 立足 | lìzú | to stand; to have a footing | 动 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7957 | 励志 | lìzhì | — | 动 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7958 | 利弊 | lìbì | — | 名 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7959 | 利害 | lìhài | pros and cons; advantages and disadvantages | 名 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7960 | 利率 | lìlǜ | interest rates | 名 | 7-9 | 278 |
| 7961 | 利索 | lìsuo | — | 形 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7962 | 莅临 | lìlín | — | 动 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7963 | 连贯 | liánguàn | — | 动 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7964 | 连连 | liánlián | — | 副 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7965 | 连绵 | liánmián | — | 动 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7966 | 连年 | liánnián | successive years; over many years | 动 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7967 | 连任 | liánrèn | — | 动 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7968 | 连锁 | liánsuǒ | to interlock; to be linked | 形 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7969 | 连同 | liántóng | together with; along with | 连 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7970 | 连夜 | liányè | — | 副、动 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7971 | 怜惜 | liánxī | — | 动 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7972 | 帘子 | liánzi | — | 名 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7973 | 莲子 | liánzǐ | — | 名 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7974 | 联欢 | liánhuān | to have a get-together; celebration | 动 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7975 | 联络 | liánluò | to get in touch with; to contact | 动 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7976 | 联盟 | liánméng | alliance; union | 名 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7977 | 联赛 | liánsài | (sports) league; league tournament | 名 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7978 | 联手 | liánshǒu | lit. to join hands; to act together | 动 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7979 | 廉价 | liánjià | — | 形 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7980 | 廉洁 | liánjié | incorruptible; unbribable; honest | 形 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7981 | 廉正 | liánzhèng | — | 形 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7982 | 脸颊 | liǎnjiá | — | 名 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7983 | 炼 | liàn | — | 动 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7984 | 恋恋不舍 | liànliàn-bùshě | — | — | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7985 | 良 | liáng | — | 副 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7986 | 良心 | liángxīn | conscience | 名 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7987 | 良性 | liángxìng | — | 形 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7988 | 凉爽 | liángshuǎng | — | 形 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7989 | 两口子 | liǎngkǒuzi | — | 名 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7990 | 两栖 | liǎngqī | — | 动 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7991 | 两手 | liǎngshǒu | one's two hands; two prongs (of a strategy) | 名 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7992 | 两下子 | liǎngxiàzi | — | 数量、名 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7993 | 两翼 | liǎngyì | — | 名 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7994 | 亮点 | liàngdiǎn | — | 名 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7995 | 亮丽 | liànglì | — | 形 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7996 | 亮相 | liàngxiàng | — | 动 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7997 | 谅解 | liàngjiě | to understand; to make allowances for | 动 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7998 | 量化 | liànghuà | — | 动 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 7999 | 辽阔 | liáokuò | vast; extensive | 形 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 8000 | 疗法 | liáofǎ | — | 名 | 7-9 | 279 |
| 8001 | 疗效 | liáoxiào | — | 名 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8002 | 疗养 | liáoyǎng | to get well; to heal | 动 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8003 | 寥寥无几 | liáoliáo-wújǐ | — | — | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8004 | 潦草 | liáocǎo | — | 形 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8005 | 了结 | liǎojié | — | 动 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8006 | 料理 | liàolǐ | — | 动、名 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8007 | 咧嘴 | liězuǐ | — | 动 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8008 | 列举 | lièjǔ | a list; to list | 动 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8009 | 劣势 | lièshì | — | 名 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8010 | 劣质 | lièzhì | — | 形 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8011 | 烈日 | lièrì | — | 名 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8012 | 烈士 | lièshì | — | 名 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8013 | 猎人 | lièrén | — | 名 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8014 | 猎物 | lièwù | — | 名 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8015 | 裂 | liè | to split; to crack | 动 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8016 | 裂缝 | lièfèng | — | 动、名 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8017 | 裂痕 | lièhén | — | 名 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8018 | 拎 | līn | — | 动 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8019 | 临 | lín | — | 动、介 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8020 | 临床 | línchuáng | clinical | 动 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8021 | 临街 | línjiē | — | 动 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8022 | 临近 | línjìn | — | 动 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8023 | 吝啬 | lìnsè | stingy; mean; miserly | 形 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8024 | 灵 | líng | — | 形、名 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8025 | 灵感 | línggǎn | inspiration; insight | 名 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8026 | 灵魂 | línghún | soul; spirit | 名 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8027 | 灵机一动 | língjī-yídòng | — | — | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8028 | 灵敏 | língmǐn | smart; clever | 形 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8029 | 灵巧 | língqiǎo | — | 形 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8030 | 灵通 | língtōng | — | 形 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8031 | 聆听 | língtīng | — | 动 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8032 | 零件 | língjiàn | part; component | 名 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8033 | 零售 | língshòu | — | 动 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8034 | 零碎 | língsuì | — | 形、名 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8035 | 零星 | língxīng | fragmentary; random | 形 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8036 | 领队 | lǐngduì | — | 动、名 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8037 | 领会 | lǐnghuì | to understand; to comprehend | 动 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8038 | 领军 | lǐngjūn | — | 动 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8039 | 领略 | lǐnglüè | — | 动 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8040 | 领事 | lǐngshì | — | 名 | 7-9 | 280 |
| 8041 | 领事馆 | lǐngshìguǎn | consulate | 名 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8042 | 领土 | lǐngtǔ | territory | 名 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8043 | 领悟 | lǐngwù | to understand; to comprehend | 动 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8044 | 领袖 | lǐngxiù | leader | 名 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8045 | 领养 | lǐngyǎng | — | 动 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8046 | 溜 | liū | to slip away; to escape in stealth | 动 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8047 | 溜达 | liūda | — | 动 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8048 | 留恋 | liúliàn | reluctant to leave; to hate to have to go | 动 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8049 | 留念 | liúniàn | to keep as a souvenir; to recall fondly | 动 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8050 | 留神 | liúshén | to take care; to be careful | 动 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8051 | 留心 | liúxīn | — | 动 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8052 | 留意 | liúyì | — | 动 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8053 | 流畅 | liúchàng | — | 形 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8054 | 流浪 | liúlàng | to drift about; to wander | 动 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8055 | 流露 | liúlù | to reveal (indirectly, implicitly); to show (interest, contempt etc) by means of one's actions, tone of voice etc | 动 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8056 | 流氓 | liúmáng | rogue; hoodlum | 名 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8057 | 流派 | liúpài | — | 名 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8058 | 流失 | liúshī | — | 动 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8059 | 流逝 | liúshì | — | 动 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8060 | 流水 | liúshuǐ | — | 名 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8061 | 流淌 | liútǎng | — | 动 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8062 | 流向 | liúxiàng | — | 名 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8063 | 流血 | liúxuè | — | 动 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8064 | 流域 | liúyù | — | 名 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8065 | 流转 | liúzhuǎn | — | 动 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8066 | 柳树 | liǔshù | — | 名 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8067 | 遛 | liù | — | 动 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8068 | 龙头 | lóngtóu | — | 名 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8069 | 聋 | lóng | — | 形 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8070 | 笼子 | lóngzi | — | 名 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8071 | 隆重 | lóngzhòng | grand; prosperous | 形 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8072 | 垄断 | lǒngduàn | to monopolize | 动 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8073 | 笼统 | lǒngtǒng | — | 形 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8074 | 笼罩 | lǒngzhào | to envelop; to shroud | 动 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8075 | 搂 | lǒu | to hug; to embrace | 动 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8076 | 露面 | lòumiàn | — | 动 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8077 | 炉子 | lúzi | — | 名 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8078 | 卤味 | lǔwèi | — | 名 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8079 | 鲁莽 | lǔmǎng | — | 形 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8080 | 陆军 | lùjūn | army; ground forces | 名 | 7-9 | 281 |
| 8081 | 鹿 | lù | — | 名 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8082 | 路段 | lùduàn | — | 名 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8083 | 路径 | lùjìng | — | 名 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8084 | 路途 | lùtú | — | 名 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8085 | 路子 | lùzi | — | 名 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8086 | 露2 | lù | surname Lu | 名 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8087 | 露天 | lùtiān | — | 名、形 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8088 | 露营 | lùyíng | — | 动 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8089 | 屡 | lǚ | — | 副 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8090 | 屡次 | lǚcì | repeatedly; time and again | 副 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8091 | 屡屡 | lǚlǚ | — | 副 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8092 | 缕 | lǚ | — | 量 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8093 | 绿地 | lǜdì | — | 名 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8094 | 绿洲 | lǜzhōu | — | 名 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8095 | 孪生 | luánshēng | — | 形 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8096 | 卵 | luǎn | — | 名 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8097 | 乱七八糟 | luànqībāzāo | — | — | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8098 | 掠夺 | lüèduó | — | 动 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8099 | 略 | lüè | — | 形、动、副 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8100 | 略微 | lüèwēi | — | 副 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8101 | 抡 | lūn | — | 动 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8102 | 伦理 | lúnlǐ | — | 名 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8103 | 轮换 | lúnhuàn | — | 动 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8104 | 轮廓 | lúnkuò | an outline; silhouette | 名 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8105 | 轮胎 | lúntāi | tire; pneumatic tire | 名 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8106 | 论述 | lùnshù | — | 动 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8107 | 论证 | lùnzhèng | to prove a point; to expound on | 动、名 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8108 | 啰唆 | luōsuo | variant of 啰嗦 | 形、动 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8109 | 萝卜 | luóbo | — | 名 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8110 | 螺丝 | luósī | — | 名 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8111 | 裸 | luǒ | — | 动 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8112 | 裸露 | luǒlù | — | 动 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8113 | 裸体 | luǒtǐ | — | 动、名 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8114 | 络绎不绝 | luòyì-bùjué | (idiom) continuously; in an endless stream | — | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8115 | 落差 | luòchā | — | 名 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8116 | 落成 | luòchéng | to complete a construction project | 动 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8117 | 落户 | luòhù | — | 动 | 7-9 | 282 |
| 8118 | 落实 | luòshí | practical; workable | 动 | 7-9 | 282 |
Glosses use CC-CEDICT meanings where the reading matches; the Chinese entries and pinyin come from the official syllabus. A dash means no matching gloss is shown.
Source: official HSK exam syllabus (PDF), listed on chinesetest.cn, published November 2025 by the Center for Language Education and Cooperation, effective July 2026; checked 2026-11-04 (file SHA-256 d8b6646599bc9a0c…). Vocabulary: PDF pages 80–354 (printed pages 77–351). Transcribed entries retain the official numbering, readings and sense annotations. This is independent study material, not an official CTI website.